![]() The findings offer new insights into the factors affecting how arts festivals impact the local economy the areas of the local economy that are affected by arts festivals and the implications of funding from awarding bodies on the endogenous development of arts festivals. Fourteen qualitative, semi-structured interviews were conducted with arts festival organisers, tourism representatives and local volunteers during the summer festival season. This paper explores arts festivals in terms of their relationship to local economic development within the rural island region of Orkney in Scotland. Therefore, the urban globalization of DICWC needs the related further innovations in organization and the improvement of the stability of international festivals. The “economical marginal effect” of international festivals in inland cities is declining. The city urgently needs to seek a more stable driving model to promote its own globalization development. Moreover, after the outbreak of COVID-19 in 2019, the globalization of Xining and Yinchuan, driven by the sports event and cultural festival, has been impacted to varying degrees. However, the model of the international festival-driven globalization of DICWC is still in the primary stage. ![]() Fourthly, international festivals in inland cities established a new global image by promoting the modernization drive of city facilities, especially creating a new international urban space. Thirdly, from the perspective of urban globalization, the “Tour of Qinghai Lake” is only a sports festival, however, the political intervention and economical guidance of the “China-Arab States Expo” is more obvious and direct. Secondly, the actor-network in international festivals in inland cities is very distinct, with the government as the leader (initiator, organizer, and executor), enterprises as the specific participants, the media as the booster of news reports and the public as the indirect and passive participant. In contrast, the “China-Arab States Expo” as a political, cultural, and economic exchange platform can promote the economic globalization of the cities more than the “Tour of Qinghai Lake” as a sports festival. International festivals can enhance the city’s political and cultural influence and effectively promote the city’s integration into the global system. The main conclusions include: Firstly, the international festivals are (central/provincial/autonomous region/city) power-led, that is, the government tries to promote the integration of inland areas into globalization, and they are powerful tools and strategies to promote the process of urban globalization and local social and economic development. Based on the field research data, this paper summarizes and compares the globalization paths and effects of Xining and Yinchuan driven by international festivals. Among them, Xining and Yinchuan, the two provincial capitals, have adopted the urban globalization process driven by the sports festival and cultural festival of the “Tour of Qinghai Lake” and the “China-Arab States Expo”, respectively. Entering the 21st-Century, the deep inland cities in Western China (DICWC), which are underdeveloped at the national scale, are keeping with the Belt and Road Initiative and high-quality development strategy and exploring the localization path of urban globalization. Since reform and opening-up, China’s eastern coastal cities have taken the lead in integrating into the global production network and city network based on neoliberalism and economic globalization.
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